Alzheimers Disease (AD) has a considerable public health impact. This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and burden of Alzheimer’s Disease. It summarises the causes, risk factors, prevalence and impact of the condition with strong visuals and supporting notes.

This slide deck has been developed in collaboration with the former Lundbeck International Neuroscience Foundation.

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 1
Epidemiology and Burden​

This presentation is a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and burden of Alzheimer’s Disease. It summarises the causes, risk factors, prevalence and impact of the condition with strong visuals and supporting notes. 

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Causes and Underlying biology of AD

Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 2
Causes and Underlying biology of AD
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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 3
What causes Alzheimer’s disease?

AD has multifactorial etiology and is thought to result from many inter-related components, including genetic and environmental factors.

AD is classified according to the age of the person at onset – late-onset (≥65 years; most common form of AD)…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 4
Pre-existing medical conditions related to Alzheimer’s disease

The slide presents an overview of various pre-existing medical conditions that are associated with AD.

There is a good body of evidence to support an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI), diabetes, and depression with an increased risk of…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 5
Modifiable lifestyle factors related to Alzheimer’s disease

The slide presents an overview of the various modifiable lifestyle factors that are associated with AD.

There is evidence to suggest that moderate coffee consumption, physical activity, and cognitive activity, all play a preventative role in AD.[Jiang et al.,…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 6
Accumulation of Alzheimer’s disease risk factors over time

The risk factors and protective factors for the development of AD/dementia accumulate over a lifetime, as shown in this slide.[Jiang et al., 2013; Bendlin et al., 2010; Winblad et al., 2016]

Many risk and protective factors for dementia and…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 7
Putative risk and protective factors for late-onset dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Many risk and protective factors for dementia and AD have been proposed and investigated; however, the evidence to support the factors listed on this slide is variable, and the relevance of several proposed factors is open to debate.[Winblad et…

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Burden of AD

Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 8
Burden of AD
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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 9
Projected increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease

Worldwide, in 2015, an estimated 46.8 million people were living with dementia.[WHO, 2015] In the US, in 2016, an estimated 5.2 million people >65 years of age were affected by AD.[Hebert et al., 2013] Age is one of the…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 10
Domains of Alzheimer’s disease

Three domains of AD feed into overall global function, all of which can increase the burden on caregivers.

  • Cognitive function – higher mental processes such as memory, reasoning, attention, and language, that facilitate information gathering and processing.
  • Activities…
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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 11
Alzheimer’s disease has a large impact on society

AD has a considerable public health impact. In the US, in 2014, AD was listed as the sixth leading cause of death (based on ICD-10, G30 classification) for the total population, after heart disease, malignant neoplasms, chronic lower respiratory…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 12
Alzheimer’s disease has a large impact on caregivers

The pressure of AD on caregivers is highlighted on this slide. Information from the dementia carer’s survey shows that the time spent caring for people with dementia increases as the disease severity progresses.[Georges et al., 2008] However, it is…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 13
Caregiver burden

Full reference details: Alzheimer’s Association. 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12 (4): 459–509.

Georges J, Jansen S, Jackson J, et al. Alzheimer’s disease in real life – the dementia carer’s survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 14
Caregiver burden

Full reference details Alzheimer’s Association. 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12 (4): 459–509.

Georges J, Jansen S, Jackson J, et al. Alzheimer’s disease in real life – the dementia carer’s survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 15
Caregiver burden

Full reference details: Alzheimer’s Association. 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12 (4): 459–509.

Georges J, Jansen S, Jackson J, et al. Alzheimer’s disease in real life – the dementia carer’s survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 16
Caregiver burden

Full reference details: Alzheimer’s Association. 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12 (4): 459–509.

Georges J, Jansen S, Jackson J, et al. Alzheimer’s disease in real life – the dementia carer’s survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 17
Caregiver burden

Full reference details Alzheimer’s Association. 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12 (4): 459–509.

Georges J, Jansen S, Jackson J, et al. Alzheimer’s disease in real life – the dementia carer’s survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry…

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Alzheimers Disease – Epidemiology – slide 18
Conclusion

AD is a complex disease of multifactorial etiology that, despite a wealth of clinical research, is not yet completely understood. Among various genetic and environmental factors implicated in AD, age is the most important risk factor for the disease.…

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