Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

The higher incidence of smoking in patients with schizophrenia has to be taken into account when discussing COPD in schizophrenia, because smoking is a risk factor for the development of COPD.^{[Hsu et al., 2013]} In one study, a database sample of >700,000 individuals was screened to determine the incidence of COPD in patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population.^{[Hsu et al., 2013]} Schizophrenia was associated with an elevated risk of COPD, with an odds ratio of 1.66 (95% confidence interval^[CI]: 1.42–1.94).^{[Hsu et al., 2013]} However, the highest odds ratio was found in the youngest group, aged 18–29, wherein the odds ratio was 3.50 (95% CI: 2.23–5.48).^{[Hsu et al., 2013]}

References:
Hsu JH, Chien IC, Lin CH, et al. Increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based study. Psychosomatics 2013; 54 (4): 345–351.

Hennekens CH, Hennekens AR, Hollar D, Casey DE. Schizophrenia and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 2005; 150 (6): 1115–1121.