Index for
slide deck
Title
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History, definitions and diagnosis
The history of Parkinson’s disease
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The history of Parkinson’s disease
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The ‘shaking palsy’
The condition that we now know as Parkinson’s disease (PD) was first described systematically in 1817 by the London surgeon and apothecary James Parkinson.[Lees et al., 2009; Pfeiffer et al., 2013]
In his historic essay, Parkinson drew together…
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Parkinson’s disease
In 1872, Jean-Martin Charcot identified general slowness of movement (‘bradykinesia’) as a prominent feature of paralysis agitans.[Goetz, 2011] Bradykinesia is now known as one of the characteristic, or ‘cardinal’, features of PD.[Goetz, 2011] Charcot also distinguished between the tremors…
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The dopamine deficiency hypothesis
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Lewy bodies
Lewy bodies are mostly comprised of abnormal, misfolded protein, and are found in the nerve cells of most patients with PD.[Lees et al., 2009; Ropper et al., 2014] They were first discovered by Fritz Heinrich Lewy in 1912, although…
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α-synuclein
The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
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The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
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Parkinsonism
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Motor symptoms – bradykinesia
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Motor symptoms – muscular rigidity
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Motor symptoms – resting tremor
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Motor symptoms – postural instability
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Motor symptoms – gait impairment
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The non-motor symptom complex of Parkinson’s disease
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