Schizophrenia – Definitions and Diagnosis

Functioning is complex and multifactorial, and there are many different domains of function e.g. social, everyday, community and psychological functioning, some which are defined on this slide.

Background

Definitions of the various types of functioning have been taken fro…

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Key message: A variety of factors contribute to impairment in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia, including functional capacity, social cognition, symptoms, environmental factors, and health status.

• The figure on this sli…

Key message: Although many measures of functioning exist, little is known about how these measures help to understand the impact of functional impairment.^{[Wilson C et al., 2016]}

• To comprehensively evaluate functional outcome in schizophrenia, a combination of performance…

Key message: Quality of life can be measured using different scales.

Background
Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QLS).^{[Bilker et al., 2003; Cramer et al., 2001]}

• The QLS balances subjective questions regarding life satisfaction and occupational role functioning.…

Goal-setting helps patients focus on improving their daily lives, and accomplishing these goals provides a sense of satisfaction and success.^{[Med-IQ, 2014]}

Reference:
Med IQ. Goal-Setting Worksheet for People with Schizophrenia. Available at: https://www.mediq.com/files/n…

Key message: Better social and occupational functioning are consistently identified as important self-defined treatment goals, and improved functioning may be the most meaningful and valued outcome of treatment from a patient and family perspective.^{[Bellack et al., 2007]}

Key message: People with schizophrenia more often refer to their goals as being driven by boredom or a desire to ‘pass time’ and report goals that are more disconnected–disengaged compared with those of healthy controls.^{[Gard et al., 2014]}

• Patients with schizophrenia als…

Key message: Motivational deficits are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia, and correlate significantly with each domain of functioning examined (global functional outcome, social functioning, role functioning, and number of days worked in the past 30 days). These de…

!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?-- Note, this slide contains builds. Goals 2 and 3 change colour to red as these are the most relevant to the focus of the deck.

Current treatment guidelines include optimizing functioning and quality of life as impo…

Key message: Health-related quality of life is complex and encompasses functional abilities, well-being, social interaction, vocational status, and physical and psychological state.

Background^{[Cramer et al., 2000]}

• Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has…