Major depressive disorder (MDD) – Course, natural history and prognosis

Depression can be defined based on the World Health Organization’s ICD-11 classification system or the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5-TR system.

References:
1.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence CG222. Depression in adults: recognition and manageme…

The many symptoms of depression are varied, and can include emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.^1,2

References:
1.American Psychiatric Associa…

Depression can be diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5-TR criteria, as outlined on the slide.

Reference:
1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition – text revision. © American Psy…

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) describes nine depressive symptoms for diagnostic purposes, as outlined on the slide.¹ At least five of these symptoms, at least one of which is ‘depressed mood’ or ‘loss of interest or pleasure’ are required during the same two-…

As outlined on the slide, the various symptoms of depression can negatively impact a patient’s functioning, including in the areas of work or school, family life, and social life.^1,2

References:
1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Ment…

The optimal outcome for a patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) is a full recovery from the major depressive episode and to never become depressed again.⁵ Treatment of MDD is divided into three phases, corresponding to different stages of the illness.⁶ Each of thes…

The clinical course of major depressive disorder after the initial depressive episode varies from patient to patient, and whilst roughly half of patients will not go on to experience further recurrence, a minority of patients will experience unremitting depression.^1,2

Ref…

The terms ‘response’ and ‘remission’ have been used to mean different things in psychiatric research; the most commonly used meanings of these terms in studies of treatment outcomes in people with major depression disorder are given on the slide.^1,2

References:
1.Nierenbe…

MDD is a chronic disorder, most frequently characterised by relapses and recurrences.² Relapse can be defined as an episode of MDD that occurs within 6 months of response or remission;^2,3 theoretically, relapse signifies the return of a major depressive episode, rather th…

Specifiers are extensions to a diagnosis that further clarify the course, severity, or special features of the disorder.

Reference:
1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition – text revision. © American Psychia…

Reference:
1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition – text revision. © American Psychiatric Association, 2022.

Reference:
1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition – text revision. © American Psychiatric Association, 2022.

Reference:
1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition – text revision. © American Psychiatric Association, 2022.

Reference:
1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition – text revision. © American Psychiatric Association, 2022.