The ethnic variations in PD are thought to be driven by:1
- biological factors (e.g., genetics, vascular disease, dementia-associated pathology, and other comorbidities)
- non-biological factors (e.g., healthcare system inequalities, under-reporting of symptoms).
References:
1.Ben-Joseph A, Marshall CR, Lees AJ, Noyce AJ. Ethnic Variation in the manifestation of Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review. J Parkinsons Dis 2020; 10 (1): 31–45.
2.Schumacher-Schuh AF, Bieger A, Okunoye O, et al.; Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2). Underrepresented populations in Parkinson’s genetics research: current landscape and future directions. Mov Disord 2022; 37 (8): 1593–1604.
3.Siddiqi B, Koemeter-Cox A. A call to action: promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in Parkinson’s research and care. J Parkinsons Dis 2021; 11 (3): 905–908.
