Nature versus nurture

Elements of both nature and nurture are thought to interact in the development of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders.³ Whilst data from epidemiological studies strongly implicates certain genes, evidence from more detailed molecular genetic studies has been less forthcoming.³ Contemporary approaches may better illuminate the genes involved in mental disorders are their interactions with the ‘nurture’ elements of the environment.³

References:

1. Penninx BW, Pine DS, Holmes EA, Reif A. Anxiety disorders. Lancet 2021; 397 (10277): 914–927.
2. Akiki TJ, Jubeir J, Bertrand C, et al. Neural circuit basis of pathological anxiety. Nat Rev Neurosci 2025; 26 (1): 5–22.
3. Dick DM, Riley B, Kendler KS. Nature and nurture in neuropsychiatric genetics: where do we stand? Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2010; 12 (1): 7–23.