Several staging models have been developed to study and describe the severity of bipolar disorder, including the Berk et al. model, the Kapczinski et al. model, and the Duffy et al. model.1 In 2009, Kapczinski et al. published this model, which focused on assessing patients between episodes.2
References:
1. Kupka R, Duffy A, Scott J, et al. Consensus on nomenclature for clinical staging models in bipolar disorder: a narrative review from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Staging Task Force. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23 (7): 659–678.
2. Kapczinski F, Dias VV, Kauer-Sant’Anna M, et al. Clinical implications of a staging model for bipolar disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2009; 9 (7): 957–966.