Examples of presentations that can be specified using the ‘other specified bipolar and related disorder’ include:1
- short-duration hypomanic episodes (2–3 days)
- hypomanic episodes with insufficient symptoms and major depressive episodes
- hypomanic episode without prior major depressive episode
- short-duration cyclothymia (<24 months)
- manic episode superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.
References:
1. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth edition, text revision. Washington DC: APA; 2022.
2. Elanjithara TE, Frangou S, McGuire P. Treatment of the early stages of bipolar disorder. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2011; 17 (4): 283–291.
3. Vieta E, Berk M, Schulze TG, et al. Bipolar disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4: 18008.
4. Manning JS. Tools to improve differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder in primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 12 (Suppl 1): 17–22.