This was a comprehensive study of copy number variation in epilepsy.1 Copy number variations include various genetic changes, such as deletions and duplications, that can change the expression of genes thereby changing the downstream effects.1

Reference:

1.Montanucci L, Lewis-Smith D, Collins RL, et al. Genome-wide identification and phenotypic characterization of seizure-associated copy number variations in 741,075 individuals. Nat Commun 2023; 14 (1): 4392.