Depression

Depression can be defined based on the World Health Organization’s ICD-11 classification system or the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5-TR system.

References:
1.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence CG222. Depression in adults: recognition and management. 2022. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng222 Accessed May 2025.

2.World Health Organization. ICD-11. Available at: https://icd.who.int/en. Accessed May 2025.

3.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition – text revision. © American Psychiatric Association, 2022.

4.Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Adams C, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 update on clinical guidelines for management of major depressive disorder in adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l’humeur et de l’anxiété (CANMAT) 2023: mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Can J Psychiatry 2024; 69 (9): 641–687.