Switching from episodic to chronic migraine and back again

In this study, shown in the graph on the slide, participants were asked to complete a web-based survey.^{[Blumenfeld et al., 2011]} Of the 63,001 individuals contacted, 8,726 were eligible and completed the survey.^{[Blumenfeld et al., 2011]} In total, 5.7% of the respondents had chronic migraine, whilst 94.3% had episodic migraine.^{[Blumenfeld et al., 2011]} People with chronic migraine reported significantly greater disability, lower quality of life, higher levels of anxiety, and also higher levels of healthcare resource use than people with episodic migraine.^{[Blumenfeld et al., 2011]}

The survey showed that chronic migraine is associated with a considerable burden on the individual, and on society,^{[Blumenfeld et al., 2011]} which reinforces the importance of preventing progression from episodic to chronic migraine.

Reference:
Blumenfeld AM, Varon SF, Wilcox TK, et al. Disability, HRQoL and resource use among chronic and episodic migraineurs: results from the International Burden of Migraine Study (IBMS). Cephalalgia 2011; 31 (3): 301–315.

Other references used on slide:
Bigal ME, Lipton RB. The prognosis of migraine. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21 (3): 301–308.

Bigal ME, Lipton RB. Migraine chronification. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2011; 11 (2): 139–148.

Buse DC, Greisman JD, Baigi K, Lipton RB. Migraine progression: a systematic review. Headache 2019; 59 (3): 306–338.

Manack A, Buse DC, Serrano D, et al. Rates, predictors, and consequences of remission from chronic migraine to episodic migraine. Neurology 2011; 76 (8): 711–718.

Torres-Ferrús M, Ursitti F, Alpuente-Ruiz A, et al. From transformation to chronification of migraine: pathophysiological and clinical aspects. J Headache Pain 2020; 21 (1): 42.