The cause(s) of PD remain to be elucidated; multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed, ranging from oxidative stress to protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.1,4 The slide shows how the range of potential risks and disease mechanisms may all interact to lead to the development of pathology.1,2 Some have argued that, because the environment can be changed unlike a person’s genetics, the environmental factors underlying PD should be the focus of preventing PD in the future.5,6
References:
1.Periñán MT, Brolin K, Bandres-Ciga S, et al. Effect modification between genes and environment and Parkinson’s disease risk. Ann Neurol 2022; 92 (5): 715–724.
2.Pang SY, Ho PW, Liu HF, et al. The interplay of aging, genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8: 23.
3.Morris HR, Spillantini MG, Sue CM, Williams-Gray CH. The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2024; 403 (10423): 293–304.
4.Morgan JC, Sethi KD. Emerging drugs for Parkinson’s disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2006; 11 (3): 403–417.
5.De Miranda BR, Goldman SM, Miller GW, et al. Preventing Parkinson’s disease: an environmental agenda. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12 (1): 45–68.
6.Dorsey ER, Bloem BR. Parkinson’s disease is predominantly an environmental disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2024; 14 (3): 451–465.
