Decades of research into the genetics of PD have suggested that variations in many different genes may increase the risk of developing the disease.1 However, some of these genes, identified in large-scale studies, have not then subsequently been replicated in other studies.2 This makes the relevance of some of these genes less certain than others.2

References:
1.Neurotorium. https://neurotorium.org/genetics-parkinsons-clinical-research/. Accessed April 25, 2025.

2.Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. The genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19 (2): 170–178.