The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was developed from the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), as a tool for evaluating nicotine dependence.[2] In its development, the FTQ was found to be a useful instrument for identifying heavy users of tobacco products, and who are therefore at greater risk of disease.[2] Since publication of the FTND, there has been a debate about the exact determinants of tobacco and cigarette addiction, which are thought to extend beyond nicotine.[1] To acknowledge this, some have argued for the renaming of the FTND, for example to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (i.e., FTCD).[1]
Fagerström Test for Nicotine/Cigarette Dependence (FTND)
