References:
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition (DSM-5™). © American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
2. Murrie B, Lappin J, Large M, Sara G. Transition of substance-induced, brief, and atypical psychoses to schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46: 505–516.
3. Yildirim B, Sahin SS, Gee A, et al. Adverse psychiatric effects of psychedelic drugs: a systematic review of case reports. Psychol Med 2024; 54: 4035–4047.
4. Rodríguez-Toscano E, Alloza C, Fraguas D, et al. Differences in patterns of stimulant use and their impact on first-episode psychosis incidence: an analysis of the EUGEI study. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49: 1269–1280.
5. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Psychosis with coexisting substance misuse: assessment and management in adults and young people. British Psychological Society, 2011.
6. Godin, SL & Shehata S. Adolescent cannabis use and later development of schizophrenia: an updated systematic review of longitudinal studies. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78: 1331–1340.
Substances and schizophrenia: an overview