The NDDI-E is a 3-minute screening tool specifically for identifying depression in people with epilepsy. However, it may not be sufficiently sensitive to identify subsyndromal symptoms.1 The PHQ-9 is an alternative to the NDDI-E, which includes all nine symptoms included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5).1 The NDDI-E-Y is validated for use in children and adolescents with epilepsy.1
The GAD-7 is validated for use in people with epilepsy and is based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder.1 It is recommended by the American Academy of Neurology as a screening tool.1
References:
1. Conner K, Gandy M, Munger-Clary HM. What is the role of screening instruments in the management of psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy? Tools and practical tips for the most common comorbidities: Depession and anxiety. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2024; 25: 100654.
2. Eom S, Fisher B, Dezort C, Berg AT. Routine developmental, autism, behavioral, and psychological screening in epilepsy care settings. Dev Med Child Neurol 2014; 56 (11): 1100‒1105.