In this meta-analysis, drug-resistant epilepsy was defined as the failure of at least 2 adequate trials of an ASM, as per the International League Against Epilepsy criteria.1 The most beneficial intervention was surgical excision, followed by RNS, DBS, and inVNS.1 The authors suggest that RNS and DBS my be recommended as preferred interventions for patients who are not candidates for surgical excision, particularly those with multiple epileptic foci.1
Reference: