An emerging body of data suggests that, compared with healthy controls, people with migraine are at an increased risk of structural brain changes over time.[Bashir et al., 2013] These structural changes have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular conditions, and stroke.[Bigal & Lipton, 2008; Bigal et al., 2009] Repeated episodes of cortical spreading depression (CSD) may predispose a person to ischaemia, perfusion changes, and chronic inflammation – potentially accounting for the greater risk of cardiovascular events seen in people with migraine with aura, compared to migraine without aura.[Bigal et al., 2009] However, there are common comorbidities, and environmental and biological risk factors, that are shared between migraine and CVD – potentially accounting for the association of migraine and CVD risk in the absence of a direct causal relationship.[Bigal et al., 2009] More research is needed to understand the complexity of CVD risk in people with migraine.[Bigal et al., 2009]

References:
Bashir A, Lipton RB, Ashina S, Ashina M. Migraine and structural changes in the brain. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2013; 81 (14): 1260–1268.

Bigal ME, Kurth T, Hu H, et al. Migraine and cardiovascular disease. Possible mechanisms of interaction. Neurology 2009; 72 (21): 1864–1871.

Bigal ME, Lipton RB. Concepts and mechanisms of migraine chronification. Headache 2008; 48 (1): 7–15.