Bipolar disorder

As shown on the slide, the risk of bipolar disorder appears to be greater among people with migraine than the general population.^{[Leo & Singh, 2016]} There also appears to be an increased risk of bipolar disorder in people with migraine with aura than for those with migraine without aura (odds ratio of 7.3 versus 2.4).^{[Leo & Singh, 2016; Breslau et al., 1991]}

The comorbidity of migraine and bipolar disorder increases the burden that migraine places on the patient; data from the Canadian Community Health Survey suggest that migraine with bipolar disorder is associated with poorer health outcomes than migraine alone.^{[Jette et al., 2008]}

References:
Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P. Migraine, psychiatric disorders, and suicide attempts: an epidemiologic study of young adults. Psychiatry Res 1991; 37 (1): 11–23.

Jette N, Patten S, Williams J, et al. Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders – a national population-based study. Headache 2008; 48 (4): 501–516.

Leo RJ, Singh J. Migraine headache and bipolar disorder comorbidity: a systematic review of the literature and clinical implications. Scand J Pain 2016; 11: 136–145.

Other reference used on slide:
Kivilcim Y, Altintas M, Domac FM, et al. Screening for bipolar disorder among migraineurs: the impact of migraine–bipolar disorder comorbidity on disease characteristics. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13: 631–641.