References:
1. Leucht S, Siafis S, McGrath JJ, et al. Schizophrenia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2025; 11: 83.
2. GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 2022; 9: 137–150. 
3. Chan JKN, Correll CU, Wong CSM, et al. Life expectancy and years of potential life lost in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 65: 102294.
4. Lu C, Jin D, Palmer N, et al. Large-scale real-world data analysis identifies comorbidity patterns in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12: 154.
5. Lee H, Lee JH, Lee S, et al. Comorbid health outcomes in patients with schizophrenia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Mol Psychiatry 2025; 30: 1127–1137.
6. Bahorik AL, Satre DD, Kline-Simon AH, et al. Serious mental illness and medical comorbidities: findings from an integrated health care system. J Psychosom Res 2017; 100: 35–45.
7. Correll CU, Solmi M, Croatto G, et al. Mortality in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors. World Psychiatry 2022; 21: 248–271.
8. Pillinger T, D’Ambrosio E, McCutcheon R, et al. Is psychosis a multisystem disorder? A meta-review of central nervous system, immune, cardiometabolic, and endocrine alterations in first-episode psychosis and perspective on potential models. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24: 776–794.