Mid-sagittal section of the brain showing the hippocampus

The hippocampus is functionally involved in:

• Memory formation: the hippocampus is essential for converting short-term memories into long-term memories (a process known as memory consolidation).⁸ This is particularly important for explicit or declarative memory, which involves memories of facts, events, and experiences²
• Spatial navigation and memory: the hippocampus is crucial for spatial memory and navigation.³ It helps in forming mental maps of the environment, enabling individuals to remember locations and navigate through spaces⁹
• Learning: the hippocampus is involved in learning, especially the formation of new associations and the ability to understand relationships between different pieces of information⁹
• Emotional regulation: while not directly responsible for emotions, the hippocampus interacts with other parts of the limbic system (such as the amygdala) to regulate emotional responses, particularly those tied to memories¹⁰