Diabetes

As outlined on the slide, there are conflicting data about whether diabetes might increase or decrease the risk of migraine, and vice versa.^{[Aamodt et al., 2007; Antonazzo et al., 2018; Buse et al., 2020; Haghighi et al., 2016]} Because hypoglycaemia is thought to be able to trigger migraine, it is important for individuals with migraine to consider their blood sugars.^{[Migraine Trust]} Dieting, skipping meals, and eating high-sugar foods are all thought to act as migraine triggers.^{[Migraine Trust]} In people for whom blood sugar levels appear to trigger migraines, management of diet may be a useful tool for controlling migraines, e.g., eating low-sugar meals, and a well-balanced diet.^{[Migraine Trust]}

References:
Aamodt AH, Stovner LJ, Midthjell K, et al. Headache prevalence related to diabetes mellitus. The Head-HUNT study. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14 (7): 738–744.

Antonazzo IC, Riise T, Cortese M, et al. Diabetes is associated with decreased migraine risk: a nationwide cohort study. Cephalalgia 2018; 38 (11): 1759–1764.

Buse DC, Reed ML, Fanning KM, et al. Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study. J Headache Pain 2020; 21 (1): 23.

Haghighi FS, Rahmanian M, Namiranian N, et al. Migraine and type 2 diabetes; is there any association? J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15 (1): 37.

Migraine Trust website. https://migrainetrust.org/live-with-migraine/self-management/common-triggers/. Accessed Feb 2022.