In this video, Professor Dr. Oliver Howes explains that schizophrenia remains one of psychiatry’s most complex disorders due to its multifactorial etiology, involving interacting biological, psychological, and environmental factors. While genetic predisposition plays a significant role, it does not fully explain the condition. He also discusses recent refinements to the dopamine hypothesis, highlighting evidence that dopaminergic dysfunction does not account for all cases, with some schizophrenia subtypes involving minimal dopamine abnormalities.