Images

This flowchart illustrates the metacognitive model of GAD, tracing how threat appraisal triggers type 1 worry, which feeds into type 2 meta-worry, reinforcing negative beliefs and heightened emotion.

This flowchart illustrates the cognitive behavioural model of panic disorder, showing how a trigger leads to perceived threat, apprehension, and physical sensations that are interpreted catastrophically, fueling a self-reinforcing cycle.

This flowchart illustrates the cognitive behavioural model of social anxiety disorder, showing how high perceived social standards and social apprehension drive self-focused attention, leading to avoidance, safety behaviours, and post-event rumination.

This bubble chart ranks mental disorders across Europe by estimated one year prevalence, showing anxiety disorders as the most common condition, ahead of major depression and other conditions like ADHD and personality disorders.

Sequential treatment optimization scheme for major depressive disorder generated according to international evidence.

Key steps for managing factors that may confound antidepressant treatment response, including dose, side effects, comorbidities, stressors, adherence, pharmacogenomics, interactions, and treatment algorithms.