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Understand the different levels of depression severity and how they are classified using the MADRS scale — from mild to severe forms.

A side-by-side comparison of DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 criteria for diagnosing depression, including common symptoms like sleep problems and cognitive issues.

Precision psychiatry aims to move beyond traditional symptom-based diagnostic frameworks which group biologically heterogeneous patients under the same diagnosis.

On the continuum of immune-mediated mechanisms contributing to psychiatric symptoms, the relative contribution of immune activation differs across patient groups.

Acute immune activation triggers adaptive sickness behaviour through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and -6 (IL-1 and -6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Global MDD prevalence varies significantly by region.