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image Image Table showing increased odds ratios of comorbid conditions in MDD patients, including OCD (up to 37.5), schizophrenia, PTSD, ADHD, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and more.

Table showing increased odds ratios of comorbid conditions in MDD patients, including OCD (up to 37.5), schizophrenia, PTSD, ADHD, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and more.

Summary of the increased risk of comorbidities in patients with MDD

Patients with MDD face increased risk of multiple neuropsychiatric and physical comorbidities.

22.07.2025 Depression

image Image Diagram showing the hypothetical links between depression and substance-use disorder, including causal pathways like withdrawal and coping with mood, and shared risk factors like genetics and environment.

The hypothetical links between depression and substance-use disorder

Depression and substance-use disorder share risk factors and causal links.

22.07.2025 Depression

image Image Line graph showing increasing ADHD symptom prevalence across progressively more severe clinical stages of major depressive disorder

Line graph showing increasing ADHD symptom prevalence across progressively more severe clinical stages of major depressive disorder

ADHD symptom prevalence across clinical stages of MDD

ADHD symptoms increase with MDD severity and progression.

22.07.2025 Depression

image Image Infographic explaining how comorbidities in major depressive disorder lead to more severe symptoms, slower recovery, treatment complications, and higher healthcare costs.

Infographic explaining how comorbidities in major depressive disorder lead to more severe symptoms, slower recovery, treatment complications, and higher healthcare costs.

The impact of comorbidities on clinical outcomes in MDD

Comorbid conditions in MDD worsen outcomes, complicate treatment, and raise healthcare costs.

22.07.2025 Depression

image Image Infographic showing how poor lifestyle factors and biological mechanisms like oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to neuroprogression and somatoprogression, increasing the risk of chronic diseases and mental health decline.