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Emotional lability describes episodes of involuntary and uncontrollable crying and/or laughing, outside of socially appropriate circumstances and when it is incongruent with the patient’s emotional state.

Current evidence reveals the limitations of our knowledge [about neuropsychiatric disorders after stroke] and may change as scientific research reflects that stroke is the pathological basis and cause of [these neuropsychiatric disorders].

Apathy is characterized by loss of motivation, concern, interest, and emotional response, resulting in a loss of initiative, decreased interaction with the environment, and a reduced interest in social life.

Ultimately, implementing the recommendations from the Future Hospital Commission report will improve delirium care in hospital, as well as reducing the economic and health burden of this vulnerable, but often invisible group of patients.

The development of cognitive impairment or dementia after stroke can be conceptualized as a balance between the impact of stroke lesions and preexisting pathology against the protective elements of cognitive reserve and brain resilience.

Anxiety is common after stroke. The risk of anxiety after stroke is greater in younger patients, and those with depressive symptoms.