A. Isolation of exosomes from iPSC-conditioned media involves a multistep ultracentrifugation process. This method enables the purification of small extracellular vesicles, which carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, RNA, and lipids, reflecting the molecular state of their cells of origin.
B. Exosome transfer experiments show that exchanging exosomes between cortical neurons derived from autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and healthy controls induces ASD-like phenotypes in control neurons, suggesting that exosomal contents play a key role in modulating neuronal behavior.
C. Intranasal administration of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and iPSCs demonstrates the potential to rescue ASD-associated behaviors in mouse models. This highlights the therapeutic potential of exosomes in neurodevelopmental disorders, offering a promising avenue for non-invasive treatments.
ASD=Autistic spectrum disorders; iPSC=Induced pluripotent stem cells; RNA=Ribonucleic acid; MSCs=Mesenchymal stem cells
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