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The meninges are protective membranous coverings that surround the CNS, positioned internally to the skull and vertebral column.

Serotonin (also known as 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that is found throughout the body. High concentrations are found in the CNS, blood platelets, and certain cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

Dopamine is involved in movement control, motivation, reward, and reinforcement; many addictive substances work by affecting dopaminergic neurons.

Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Glutamate plays key roles in nearly every function of the brain.

The limbic system influences behaviour tied to survival, such as feeding, reproduction, and responses to threats.

A motor pool of a muscle is formed by a group of motor units innervating all the muscle fibres in that muscle. Motor units vary in size. Small motor units innervate fewer muscle fibres and control fine movements, e.g., in the eyes and fingers.