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Depression is associated with reduced levels of the monoamines in the brain, such as serotonin (5-HT). The selective 5-HT re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are thought to restore the levels of 5-HT in the synaptic cleft.

Depression is associated with reduced levels of the monoamines in the brain, such as 5-HT. The selective 5-HT and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are thought to restore the levels of 5-HT and noradrenaline in the synaptic cleft

Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of dopamine and converts dopamine to its corresponding carboxylic acid via an aldehyde intermediate.

Depression is associated with reduced levels of monoamines in the brain. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants have a dual mechanism of action that increases the concentration of 5-HT and noradrenaline in the synaptic cleft to within the normal range.

Monoamine oxidase A is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of the monoamines, eg 5-HT and noradrenaline. It converts the monoamines into their corresponding carboxylic acid via an aldehyde intermediate.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a feedback loop that includes the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the adrenal glands.