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image Image Mid-sagittal diagram of the brain highlighting the hypothalamus beneath the thalamus.
Mid-sagittal section of the brain showing the hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a small but essential brain region involved in maintaining homeostasis. It helps regulate functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, hormone release, and autonomic nervous system activity.

28.05.2026 Fundamentals of Neurobiology
image Image Mid-sagittal diagram of the brain highlighting the epithalamus near the thalamus
Mid-sagittal section of the brain showing the epithalamus

The epithalamus is a small region located near the thalamus that includes structures involved in regulating sleep–wake cycles and communication between different parts of the brain.

28.05.2026 Fundamentals of Neurobiology
image Image Mid-sagittal diagram of the brain highlighting the brainstem and its major parts: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Mid-sagittal section of the brain showing the brainstem

The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord and regulates essential life functions such as breathing, heart rate, sleep, and alertness.

28.05.2026 Fundamentals of Neurobiology
image Image Mid-sagittal diagram of the brain highlighting the superior colliculus in the midbrain region
Mid-sagittal section of the brain showing the superior colliculus

The superior colliculus is a structure in the midbrain involved in visual processing and the coordination of eye and head movements.

28.05.2026 Fundamentals of Neurobiology
image Image Mid-sagittal diagram of the brain highlighting the inferior colliculus in the midbrain region
Mid-sagittal section of the brain showing the inferior colliculus

The inferior colliculus is a structure in the midbrain that plays an important role in auditory processing.

28.05.2026 Fundamentals of Neurobiology
image Image Mid-sagittal diagram of the brain highlighting the pons within the brainstem
Mid-sagittal section of the brain showing the pons

The pons is part of the brainstem and acts as an important communication centre between different parts of the brain.

28.05.2026 Fundamentals of Neurobiology

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