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Fear conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with threat. Although extinction can reduce the fear response, it may return over time through spontaneous recovery.

Benzodiazepine use shows the strongest association with low birth weight and need for ventilatory support, while other anxiety disorders show more modest or mixed effects on neonatal outcomes.

Pain conditions frequently co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This figure illustrates the proportion of people with GAD who experience one or more comorbid pain conditions, highlighting the substantial overlap between anxiety symptoms and chronic pain and the importance of assessing both in clinical practice.

Diabetes is associated with an increased prevalence of both mood and anxiety disorders. This figure illustrates the relationship between diabetes and a range of psychiatric conditions, highlighting the importance of recognising and addressing mental health symptoms as part of comprehensive diabetes care.

A meta-analysis of 48 studies reveals striking rates of co-occurring anxiety in autism, with lifetime prevalence reaching 42% for any anxiety disorder and 37% for depression

Anxiety disorders rarely occur alone. This heat map maps out comorbidity pairs; from panic disorder to PTSD, GAD, phobias, and depression, showing which combinations overlap most often.