Images

This image explains how factors like poor health and stress lead to immuno-metabolic stress, altering brain function and triggering depressive symptoms.

This figure explains how trauma and stress trigger epigenetic changes in glucocorticoid-related gene regulation, increasing depression risk.

This image illustrates how chronic stress activates the HPA axis, reduces BDNF levels, and impairs hippocampal structure in depression.

This diagram highlights the role of gut health in depression through microbiota influence on immunity, inflammation, and neurotransmitter signaling.

This image details how stress-induced changes in the brain via the HPA axis contribute to depression through neuron damage and impaired plasticity.

This overview contrasts risk-increasing factors such as trauma or poverty with protective influences like good mental health and social support.