Images

Serotonin transmission from both the caudal raphe nuclei and rostral raphe nuclei is reduced in patients with depression compared with non-depressed controls

Illustrates the Subcortial Structures.

The principal noradrenaline centers in the brain are the caudal nuclei and the locus coeruleus.

The basal ganglia are a subcortical collection of interacting clusters of cell bodies, and are involved in reward, emotional, and motor circuits.

A schematic of dopamine pathways under normal conditions.