Alzheimer’s disease – Comorbidities

Comorbidities are common in people living with AD where chronic comorbidities co-exist, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.^1,8-10 Patients with AD are also at risk for the occurrence of acute illnesses, such as infections and fractures.^4,11 Apathy, irritability,…

References:
1.Ramos-Vera C, Saintila J, O’Diana AG, Calizaya-Milla YE. Identifying latent comorbidity patterns in adults with perceived cognitive impairment: network findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Front Public Health 2022; 10: 981944.

2.Santi…

References:
1.Lanctôt KL, Hahn-Pedersen JH, Eichinger CS, et al. Burden of illness in people with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review of epidemiology, comorbidities and mortality. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 1–11.

2.Beerten SG, Helsen A, De Lepeleire J, et al. Trends …

Based on findings from a systematic literature review, patients with AD are more likely to have cardiovascular disease, including stroke than individuals without AD.¹ In most studies, diabetes was slightly more common in patients with AD compared with controls, or prevale…

References:
1.Browne J, Edwards DA, Rhodes KM, et al. Association of comorbidity and health service usage among patients with dementia in the UK: a population-based study. BMJ Open 2017; 7 (3): e012546.

2.Zhang Y, Luo H, Lum TYS, et al. Association of comorbidity with heal…

Several risk factors are associated with AD and cardiovascular disease (CVD).¹ From a genetic standpoint, understanding the risk for AD is complex.¹ The apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 allele has been identified as a risk factor for both AD and cardiovascular disease.¹ Additiona…

Diabetes and AD may share risk factors, including overlapping metabolic risk factors. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) also regulates lipid metabolism.⁹ This suggests that the aetiology of AD includes metabolic risk factors, which are also involved in the development of diabetes.^1…

Infectious diseases are suggested to increase the long-term risk of dementia, including AD.² This is supported by research of hospital-treated infections, with evidence that infections occurring more than 10 years before the onset of dementia may also be associated with e…

Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder with compromised bone strength that increases the risk of fracture.⁶ Although osteoporosis and AD are two distinct diseases, several risk factors are shared between them, such as alcohol consumption and smoking.^8,9 The associ…

AD and epilepsy in older adults are common diseases of the nervous system, with incidence rates increasing with age.² Several studies have investigated the shared pathology and clinical relevance of AD and epilepsy.^7-9 Additionally, the key pathology of AD – amyloid b (Ab…