Images

The epilepsy treatment gap shows major global inequalities, with inadequate treatment far more common in lower-income countries.

Epilepsy is linked to several major comorbidities – including sleep, cardiac, cognitive, and mood disorders – through complex and sometimes bidirectional relationships that influence diagnosis and treatment.

People with epilepsy have a higher risk of several psychiatric comorbidities, including depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders, which may occur around or between seizures.

This figure shows global variation in the age-standardized prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy, with the highest rates reported in several regions across sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

This image illustrates a stepwise approach to the selection of antiseizure medication (ASM) for epilepsy management.

About one in three people with epilepsy experience psychiatric comorbidities, influenced by both biological and psychosocial factors including stigma, social limitations, and the unpredictability of seizures.