The best outcome for a patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) is a full recovery from the major depressive episode and never to become depressed again. The treatment of MDD is divided into three phases, corresponding to the different stages of the illness. This slide deck includes infographic slides and figures illustrating the treatment principles of MDD, such as pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacological therapies. In addition, you will find information about the adverse effects of pharmacological treatment and unmet needs in the treatment of depression. Last, the slides present an introduction to guidelines for and a global approach to treating depression.

This slide deck has been developed in collaboration with the former Lundbeck International Neuroscience Foundation.

Index for
slide deck

Introduction

Treatment principles
Treatment principles

The optimal outcome for a patient with major depressive disorder is a full recovery from the major depressive episode and to never become depressed again.

file_download Download slide in HQ
Goals of treatment
Goals of treatment

The optimal outcome for a patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) is a full recovery from the major depressive episode and to never become depressed again.[Nierenberg & DeCecco, 2001] Treatment of MDD is divided into three phases, corresponding to different stages of…

file_download Download slide in HQ

Treating depression – non-pharmacological therapies

Treating depression – non-pharmacological therapies
Treating depression – non-pharmacological therapies
file_download Download slide in HQ
Non-pharmacological therapy for depression
Non-pharmacological therapy for depression

There are many non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of depression. Some of those approaches are summarised in these slides.

file_download Download slide in HQ
Psychotherapy – behavioural therapy
Psychotherapy – behavioural therapy

Non-pharmacological therapy options comprise psychotherapies and brain stimulation methods. Psychotherapies may be used together with antidepressants.[Sadock et al., 2009]

Generally, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the use of non-pharmacological therapies for MDD …

file_download Download slide in HQ
Psychotherapy – interpersonal psychotherapy
Psychotherapy – interpersonal psychotherapy

Non-pharmacological therapy options comprise psychotherapies and brain stimulation methods. Psychotherapies may be used together with antidepressants.[Sadock et al., 2009]

Generally, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the use of non-pharmacological therapies for MDD …

file_download Download slide in HQ
Psychotherapy – group therapy
Psychotherapy – group therapy

Non-pharmacological therapy options comprise psychotherapies and brain stimulation methods. Psychotherapies may be used together with antidepressants.[Sadock et al., 2009]

Generally, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the use of non-pharmacological therapies for MDD …

file_download Download slide in HQ
Psychotherapy – cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)
Psychotherapy – cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)

Non-pharmacological therapy options comprise psychotherapies and brain stimulation methods. Psychotherapies may be used together with antidepressants.[Sadock et al., 2009]

Generally, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the use of non-pharmacological therapies for MDD …

file_download Download slide in HQ
Psychotherapy – mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
Psychotherapy – mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

Non-pharmacological therapy options comprise psychotherapies and brain stimulation methods. Psychotherapies may be used together with antidepressants.[Sadock et al., 2009]

Generally, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the use of non-pharmacological therapies for MDD …

file_download Download slide in HQ
Brain stimulation methods – electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Brain stimulation methods – electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Other than psychotherapy, non-pharmacological therapy options for the treatment of MDD include brain stimulation methods, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The World Federation of Societies…

file_download Download slide in HQ
Brain stimulation methods – vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
Brain stimulation methods – vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)

Other than psychotherapy, non-pharmacological therapy options for the treatment of MDD include brain stimulation methods, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).[Sadock et al., 2009; Bauer et al.…

file_download Download slide in HQ
Brain stimulation methods – transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Brain stimulation methods – transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Other than psychotherapy, non-pharmacological therapy options for the treatment of MDD include brain stimulation methods, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).[Sadock et al., 2009; Bauer et al.…

file_download Download slide in HQ
Brain stimulation methods – deep brain stimulation
Brain stimulation methods – deep brain stimulation

Other than psychotherapy, non-pharmacological therapy options for the treatment of MDD include brain stimulation methods, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).[Sadock et al., 2009; Bauer et al.…

file_download Download slide in HQ

Related content

grid_view Slide Deck
Major depressive disorder (MDD) – Course, natural history and prognosis

This slide deck covers the course, natural history, and prognosis of Major depressive disorder (MDD)

27.05.2025 Depression
grid_view Slide Deck MDD - Epidemiology and burden
Major depressive disorder (MDD) – Epidemiology and burden

This slide deck summarizes the global patterns and societal impact of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). It covers prevalence trends by sex, age, time, and location, as well as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

23.05.2025 Depression
grid_view Slide Deck
Major depressive disorder (MDD) – Comorbidity

The various comorbidities of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) negatively impact patients’ quality of life. This slide deck discusses in detail the presence of comorbidity in MDD.

21.05.2025 Depression